Unlocking the Mysteries of Polonnaruwa
Journey Through Sri Lanka’s Ancient City
Polonnaruwa, a name that resonates with history, culture, and architectural splendor, stands as a testament to Sri Lanka’s rich past. Nestled in the heart of the island nation, this ancient city invites travelers to unravel its mysteries and immerse themselves in its grandeur. Let’s embark on a journey to explore the wonders of Polonnaruwa, from its glorious past to its vibrant present.
Introduction to Polonnaruwa
Polonnaruwa, often referred to as the second ancient capital of Sri Lanka, holds a significant place in the country’s history. With its origins dating back to the 11th century, this UNESCO World Heritage Site beckons visitors with its awe-inspiring ruins, serene lakes, and captivating temples.
History of Polonnaruwa
Establishment of the City Founded by King Vijayabahu I, Polonnaruwa rose to prominence as the capital of Sri Lanka in the 11th century, succeeding the kingdom of Anuradhapura. Its strategic location, nestled between the Mahaweli River and the Galvihara mountain range, played a pivotal role in its establishment.
Rise of the Polonnaruwa Kingdom
Under the reign of King Parakramabahu I, Polonnaruwa reached its zenith, becoming a flourishing center of trade, commerce, and culture. The king’s ambitious building projects, including vast reservoirs and imposing monuments, reflected the city’s prosperity and grandeur.
Architectural Marvels
Polonnaruwa boasts an impressive array of architectural marvels, including the majestic Royal Palace, the towering Rankoth Vehera stupa, and the intricately carved Gal Vihara rock temple. These structures, adorned with exquisite carvings and intricate designs, stand as enduring symbols of the city’s rich heritage.
Cultural Significance of Polonnaruwa
Buddhism in Polonnaruwa
As a prominent center of Buddhist worship, Polonnaruwa is home to numerous temples, stupas, and monastic complexes. The sacred city reverberates with the echoes of ancient chants and the tranquil ambiance of meditation, offering visitors a glimpse into Sri Lanka’s spiritual heritage.
Art and Sculptures
The artistic prowess of Polonnaruwa is evident in its intricate stone carvings, graceful sculptures, and elaborate frescoes. From the serene beauty of the Buddha statues at Gal Vihara to the elaborate moonstones adorning temple entrances, the city’s artistic heritage is a testament to the skill and creativity of its craftsmen.
Exploring Polonnaruwa
Tourist Attractions
Polonnaruwa offers a treasure trove of tourist attractions, each offering a unique glimpse into the city’s past. Visitors can explore the ruins of the ancient city, marvel at the engineering marvels of the Parakrama Samudra reservoir, or embark on a spiritual journey through the sacred sites of worship.
Must-Visit Sites
Some of the must-visit sites in Polonnaruwa include the Polonnaruwa Vatadage, a circular relic shrine adorned with exquisite stone carvings, and the Lankatilaka temple, known for its towering brick walls and intricate sculptures. Additionally, the Archaeological Museum provides insight into the city’s rich history and cultural heritage.
Accommodations and Travel Tips
Best Places to Stay
Travelers to Polonnaruwa can choose from a range of accommodations to suit their preferences and budget. From luxurious resorts overlooking the tranquil waters of Lake Parakrama to cozy guesthouses nestled amidst lush greenery, there’s something for every traveler in Polonnaruwa.
Getting Around Polonnaruwa
Exploring Polonnaruwa is best done on foot or by bicycle, allowing visitors to soak in the city’s ambiance at their own pace. Guided tours are also available for those seeking a deeper understanding of the city’s history and significance.
Polonnaruwa, with its rich history, vibrant culture, and architectural splendor, offers a captivating glimpse into Sri Lanka’s ancient past. From the grandeur of its monumental ruins to the serenity of its sacred sites, the ancient city invites travelers on a journey of discovery and exploration.
FAQs:
Is Polonnaruwa worth visiting?
Absolutely! Polonnaruwa is a treasure trove of historical and cultural wonders, offering visitors a unique glimpse into Sri Lanka’s rich heritage.
What are the must-visit attractions in Polonnaruwa?
Some of the must-visit attractions include the Gal Vihara rock temple, the Polonnaruwa Vatadage, and the Parakrama Samudra reservoir.
How long does it take to explore Polonnaruwa?
A day is usually sufficient to explore the main attractions of Polonnaruwa, but those with a keen interest in history and architecture may want to spend additional time exploring the city in depth.
What is the best time to visit Polonnaruwa?
The best time to visit Polonnaruwa is during the dry season, from May to September, when the weather is pleasant and rainfall is minimal.
What is the significance of Polonnaruwa in Sri Lanka’s history?
Polonnaruwa holds immense historical significance as the second ancient capital of Sri Lanka. It emerged as a pivotal city after the decline of Anuradhapura and played a crucial role in shaping the island’s political, cultural, and architectural landscape during the medieval period.
Who established Polonnaruwa, and when did it become the capital?
Polonnaruwa was established by King Vijayabahu I in the 11th century AD. It became the capital in 1070 AD following the expulsion of Chola invaders, marking the beginning of a prosperous era for Sri Lanka.
What are some architectural marvels found in Polonnaruwa?
Polonnaruwa boasts numerous architectural wonders, including the Gal Vihara, a group of magnificent Buddha statues carved from granite rock. Other notable structures include the Royal Palace complex, the Quadrangle, and temples like Lankatilaka and Rankoth Vehera.
How does Polonnaruwa reflect Sri Lanka’s cultural heritage?
Polonnaruwa serves as a testament to Sri Lanka’s rich cultural heritage, showcasing a blend of Buddhist, Hindu, and indigenous traditions. Its diverse array of religious monuments, palaces, and irrigation systems exemplifies the island’s cultural fusion over centuries.
What are some must-visit tourist attractions in Polonnaruwa?
Key attractions in Polonnaruwa include the Gal Vihara, Royal Palace complex, Quadrangle, Polonnaruwa Vatadage, and the expansive Parakrama Samudra reservoir.
What accommodation options are available in Polonnaruwa?
Polonnaruwa offers a range of accommodation options, from guesthouses and boutique hotels to luxury resorts, catering to various budgets and preferences.
How can visitors explore Polonnaruwa effectively?
Visitors can explore Polonnaruwa effectively by renting bicycles or hiring tuk-tuks to navigate the archaeological site. Guided tours are also available for those seeking expert commentary and insights into the city’s history and architecture.
Are guided tours available in Polonnaruwa?
Yes, guided tours are available in Polonnaruwa, offering visitors informative insights into the city’s history, architecture, and cultural significance.
What transportation options are recommended for getting around Polonnaruwa?
Bicycles, tuk-tuks, and private cars are recommended transportation options for getting around Polonnaruwa. Bicycles are particularly popular due to their convenience and eco-friendliness.
What are some key features of the Archaeological Museum in Polonnaruwa?
The Archaeological Museum in Polonnaruwa houses artifacts and exhibits related to the city’s history, including ancient sculptures, pottery, and relics unearthed from archaeological excavations. It provides valuable insights into Polonnaruwa’s cultural heritage and daily life during ancient times.
Are guided tours available in Polonnaruwa?
Yes, guided tours led by knowledgeable La Ceylon guides are available for visitors who want to gain a deeper understanding of Polonnaruwa’s history and significance.